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Grounding guidelines
Electrostatic discharge damage
Electronic components are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Circuitry design and structure determine
the degree of sensitivity. Networks built into many integrated circuits provide some protection, but in many
cases, ESD contains enough power to alter device parameters or melt silicon junctions.
A discharge of static electricity from a finger or other conductor can destroy static-sensitive devices or
microcircuitry. Even if the spark is neither felt nor heard, damage may have occurred.
An electronic device exposed to ESD may not be affected at all and can work perfectly throughout a normal
cycle. Or the device may function normally for a while, and then degrade in the internal layers, reducing its life
expectancy.
CAUTION:
observe these precautions:
Keep components in their electrostatic-safe containers until you are ready to install them.
Use nonmagnetic tools.
Before touching an electronic component, discharge static electricity by using the guidelines described in this
section.
Avoid touching pins, leads, and circuitry. Handle electronic components as little as possible.
If you remove a component, place it in an electrostatic-safe container.
The following table shows how humidity affects the electrostatic voltage levels generated by different
activities.
CAUTION:
Event
Walking across carpet
Walking across vinyl floor
Motions of bench worker
Removing DIPS from plastic tube
Removing DIPS from vinyl tray
Removing DIPS from Styrofoam
Removing bubble pack from PCB
Packing PCBs in foam-lined box
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Chapter 4 Removal and replacement procedures preliminary requirements
To prevent damage to the computer when you are removing or installing internal components,
A product can be degraded by as little as 700 V.
Typical electrostatic voltage levels
10%
35,000 V
12,000 V
6,000 V
2,000 V
11,500 V
14,500 V
26,500 V
21,000 V
Relative humidity
40%
15,000 V
5,000 V
800 V
700 V
4,000 V
5,000 V
20,000 V
11,000 V
55%
7,500 V
3,000 V
400 V
400 V
2,000 V
3,500 V
7,000 V
5,000 V
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